Hard-boiled crime fiction is generally acknowledged to have three main aesthetic influences on its archetypally male style and worldview: the mystery story (for plot), the background of American naturalism (featuring determininstic forces manipulating the lives of generally helpless individuals), and the stylistic and thematic of Ernest Hemingway (especially his stripped-down, undemonstrative style and his relentless focus on maleness ans masculinity). Second-generation hard-boiled writers —from the post WW2 period forward— also found inspiration in the movies made from these earlier books, and the film noir that became popular in the 1940s.
Hard-Boiled Sentimentality: The Secret History of American Crime Stories
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